Woohoo, i solved the problem.
I myself caused the errors with the “double” links/urls.
I recently installed a plugin called BloggerHigh SEO, because i wanted to optimize my posts for better SEO.
This plugin also checks if the post has an internal link to another post/topic/category in it, which seems better for SEO.
Placing an internal link into the post, is the thing where i did made the mistakes.
To place an internal link in the post(s), i used the full link/url to the internal page/post, for example:
hxxp://www.mydomain.nl/category/energie/
That was the problem, because when i use the full link, including http, for some reason it messed up the internal link, and caused the 404’s.
I edited all the internal links, and removed the hxxp://www.mydomain.nl, so that only /category/energie/ was left as the internal link.
That solved the problem, and it still works 100%.