Hi! Sorry for the late reply.
All episodes – new and old – were visible on the admin dashboard.
I managed to solve the issue on my own at last – I used an old version of the theme Impreza as a child theme. I updated Impreza but it still wouldn’t work. But when I disabled my child theme it all worked, so I’m good now!
At first, after the update, the feed-validator said that my cover image was missing, but after just selecting the image again in admin console the validation went through with no errors.