Thank you for your response, Mike, although what you described was not the case. The attempted solutions that I’d mentioned above indeed turned out to be outdated; those methods no longer apply. After my post, I did some further digging and stumbled across this:
Note: When creating woocommerce.php in your theme’s folder, you will be unable to override the woocommerce/archive-product.php custom template in your theme, as woocommerce.php has priority over all other template files. This is intended to prevent display issues.
Source: https://docs.woothemes.com/document/template-structure/
So that cleared that up once and for all!
In the end, I made the changes I needed by using a combination of CSS styles and custom content added within the editable content area of the Shop page.
I’m marking this topic as ‘resolved’. Thanks, again!