Thank you all for your help. I have solved this problem. What I did is:
-Find an older .zip of WordPress (I had 3.3.1 from long ago)
-Removed the wp-admin and wp-includes folders via FTP
-Copied the wp-admin and wp-includes from my local 3.3.1 zip via FTP back to my install
-Copied all the .php files from the zip to the install.
It asked me to “update” my database, which I allowed it to do, and everything seems to be working fine. I am able to see the visual tab and make edits with no problems. The only negative thing that happened was that I had to set my background back up, but that’s no big deal.
It’s not likely that I will be updating any time soon.